# Harry Porter's Relay Computer # Buffer def buf i o : r i o 1 0 # Inverter def inv i o : r i o 0 1 # AND Gate def and i0 i1 o : r i0 1 z 0 r i1 z o 0 # NAND Gate def nand i0 i1 o : r i0 1 0 o r i1 1 0 o # OR Gate def or i0 i1 o : r i0 1 o 0 r i1 1 o 0 # NOR Gate def nor i0 i1 o : r i0 1 0 z r i1 z 0 o # XOR Gate def xor i0 i1 o : r i0 1 b a r i1 o a b # XNOR Gate def xnor i0 i1 o : r i0 1 a b r i1 o a b # Dual-rail-carry Full Adder (Konrad Zuse design) def fullAdder carryIn carryInNeg a b carryOutNeg carryOut sum : r a carryIn 2 3 r a 1 3 4 r a sum 5 7 r a carryInNeg 4 6 r b carryOut 3 2 r b carryIn 5 7 r b carryInNeg 7 5 r b carryOutNeg 6 4 # 2-bit Full Adder def fullAdder2 carryIn carryInNeg a1 a0 b1 b0 carryOutNeg carryOut s1 s0 : fullAdder carryIn carryInNeg a0 b0 carryOutNeg0 carryOut0 s0 fullAdder carryOut0 carryOutNeg0 a1 b1 carryOutNeg carryOut s1 # 4-bit Full Adder def fullAdder4 carryIn carryInNeg a3 a2 a1 a0 b3 b2 b1 b0 carryOutNeg carryOut s3 s2 s1 s0 : fullAdder2 carryIn carryInNeg a1 a0 b1 b0 carryOutNeg0 carryOut0 s1 s0 fullAdder2 carryOut0 carryOutNeg0 a3 a2 b3 b2 carryOutNeg carryOut s3 s2 # 8-bit Full Adder def fullAdder8 carryIn carryInNeg a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 carryOutNeg carryOut s7 s6 s5 s4 s3 s2 s1 s0 : fullAdder4 carryIn carryInNeg a3 a2 a1 a0 b3 b2 b1 b0 carryOutNeg0 carryOut0 s3 s2 s1 s0 fullAdder4 carryOut0 carryOutNeg0 a7 a6 a5 a4 b7 b6 b5 b4 carryOutNeg carryOut s7 s6 s5 s4 # Zero-Detect Circuit def zeroDetector b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 zero : r b7 1 0 i6 r b6 i6 0 i5 r b5 i5 0 i4 r b4 i4 0 i3 r b3 i3 0 i2 r b2 i2 0 i1 r b1 i1 0 i0 r b0 i0 0 zero # Enable Circuit def enable enabled a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 : r enabled a7 b7 0 r enabled a6 b6 0 r enabled a5 b5 0 r enabled a4 b4 0 r enabled a3 b3 0 r enabled a2 b2 0 r enabled a1 b1 0 r enabled a0 b0 0 # Byte MUX def muxByte address h7 h6 h5 h4 h3 h2 h1 h0 l7 l6 l5 l4 l3 l2 l1 l0 o7 o6 o5 o4 o3 o2 o1 o0 : r address o7 h7 l7 r address o6 h6 l6 r address o5 h5 l5 r address o4 h4 l4 r address o3 h3 l3 r address o2 h2 l2 r address o1 h1 l1 r address o0 h0 l0 # Byte AND def andByte enabled b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 c7 c6 c5 c4 c3 c2 c1 c0 o7 o6 o5 o4 o3 o2 o1 o0 : and b7 c7 z7 and b6 c6 z6 and b5 c5 z5 and b4 c4 z4 and b3 c3 z3 and b2 c2 z2 and b1 c1 z1 and b0 c0 z0 enable enabled z7 z6 z5 z4 z3 z2 z1 z0 o7 o6 o5 o4 o3 o2 o1 o0 # Byte OR def orByte enabled b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 c7 c6 c5 c4 c3 c2 c1 c0 o7 o6 o5 o4 o3 o2 o1 o0 : or b7 c7 z7 or b6 c6 z6 or b5 c5 z5 or b4 c4 z4 or b3 c3 z3 or b2 c2 z2 or b1 c1 z1 or b0 c0 z0 enable enabled z7 z6 z5 z4 z3 z2 z1 z0 o7 o6 o5 o4 o3 o2 o1 o0 # Byte XOR def xorByte enabled b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 c7 c6 c5 c4 c3 c2 c1 c0 o7 o6 o5 o4 o3 o2 o1 o0 : xor b7 c7 z7 xor b6 c6 z6 xor b5 c5 z5 xor b4 c4 z4 xor b3 c3 z3 xor b2 c2 z2 xor b1 c1 z1 xor b0 c0 z0 enable enabled z7 z6 z5 z4 z3 z2 z1 z0 o7 o6 o5 o4 o3 o2 o1 o0 # Byte NOT def notByte enabled b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 o7 o6 o5 o4 o3 o2 o1 o0 : inv b7 z7 inv b6 z6 inv b5 z5 inv b4 z4 inv b3 z3 inv b2 z2 inv b1 z1 inv b0 z0 enable enabled z7 z6 z5 z4 z3 z2 z1 z0 o7 o6 o5 o4 o3 o2 o1 o0 # Shift Left Circular Circuit def shlByte enabled b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 o7 o6 o5 o4 o3 o2 o1 o0 : enable enabled b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 o0 o7 o6 o5 o4 o3 o2 o1 # 2-to-4 Decoder def decoder2to4 f1 f0 o3 o2 o1 o0 : r f1 1 t1 n1 r f0 t1 o3 o2 r f0 n1 o1 o0 # 2-to-4 Decoder With Output Enable def eDecoder2to4 enabled f1 f0 o3 o2 o1 o0 : decoder2to4 f1 f0 z3 z2 z1 z0 r enabled o3 z3 0 r enabled o2 z2 0 r enabled o1 z1 0 r enabled o0 z0 0 # 3-to-8 Decoder def decoder3to8 f2 f1 f0 o7 o6 o5 o4 o3 o2 o1 o0 : r f2 1 t2 n2 r f1 t2 t11 n11 r f1 n2 t10 n10 r f0 t11 o7 o6 r f0 n11 o5 o4 r f0 t10 o3 o2 r f0 n10 o1 o0 # 3-to-8 Decoder With Output Enable def eDecoder3to8 enabled f2 f1 f0 o7 o6 o5 o4 o3 o2 o1 o0 : decoder3to8 f2 f1 f0 z7 z6 z5 z4 z3 z2 z1 z0 enable enabled z7 z6 z5 z4 z3 z2 z1 z0 o7 o6 o5 o4 o3 o2 o1 o0 # 3-bit Flag Register # B is bus, A for bulbs def flagRegister load select Bzero Bcarry Bsign Azero Acarry Asign : inv load loadNeg0 inv load loadNeg1 inv load loadNeg2 buf load load2 buf load2 select r select Azero Bzero 0 r select Acarry Bcarry 0 r select Asign Bsign 0 r Azero Azero loadNeg0 0 r Acarry Acarry loadNeg1 0 r Asign Asign loadNeg2 0 # 8-bit Register # B is bus, A can feeds ALU and for bulbs def register8 load select b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 : inv load loadNeg buf load load2 buf load2 select enable select a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 r a7 a7 loadNeg 0 r a6 a6 loadNeg 0 r a5 a5 loadNeg 0 r a4 a4 loadNeg 0 r a3 a3 loadNeg 0 r a2 a2 loadNeg 0 r a1 a1 loadNeg 0 r a0 a0 loadNeg 0 # 16-bit Register # B is bus, A for bulbs def register16 load select b15 b14 b13 b12 b11 b10 b9 b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 a15 a14 a13 a12 a11 a10 a9 a8 a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 : inv load loadNeg buf load load2 buf load2 select enable select a15 a14 a13 a12 a11 a10 a9 a8 b15 b14 b13 b12 b11 b10 b9 b8 enable select a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 r a15 a15 loadNeg 0 r a14 a14 loadNeg 0 r a13 a13 loadNeg 0 r a12 a12 loadNeg 0 r a11 a11 loadNeg 0 r a10 a10 loadNeg 0 r a9 a9 loadNeg 0 r a8 a8 loadNeg 0 r a7 a7 loadNeg 0 r a6 a6 loadNeg 0 r a5 a5 loadNeg 0 r a4 a4 loadNeg 0 r a3 a3 loadNeg 0 r a2 a2 loadNeg 0 r a1 a1 loadNeg 0 r a0 a0 loadNeg 0 # High-low Register # H/L/B buses, A for bulbs def registerHighLow loadHigh selectHigh loadLow selectLow load16 select16 h7 h6 h5 h4 h3 h2 h1 h0 l7 l6 l5 l4 l3 l2 l1 l0 b15 b14 b13 b12 b11 b10 b9 b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 a15 a14 a13 a12 a11 a10 a9 a8 a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 : nor load16 loadHigh loadHighNeg nor load16 loadLow loadLowNeg buf loadHigh loadHigh2 buf loadHigh2 selectHigh buf loadLow loadLow2 buf loadLow2 selectLow buf load16 load162 buf load162 select16 enable selectLow a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 l7 l6 l5 l4 l3 l2 l1 l0 enable selectHigh a15 a14 a13 a12 a11 a10 a9 a8 h7 h6 h5 h4 h3 h2 h1 h0 enable select16 a15 a14 a13 a12 a11 a10 a9 a8 b15 b14 b13 b12 b11 b10 b9 b8 enable select16 a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 r a15 a15 loadHighNeg 0 r a14 a14 loadHighNeg 0 r a13 a13 loadHighNeg 0 r a12 a12 loadHighNeg 0 r a11 a11 loadHighNeg 0 r a10 a10 loadHighNeg 0 r a9 a9 loadHighNeg 0 r a8 a8 loadHighNeg 0 r a7 a7 loadLowNeg 0 r a6 a6 loadLowNeg 0 r a5 a5 loadLowNeg 0 r a4 a4 loadLowNeg 0 r a3 a3 loadLowNeg 0 r a2 a2 loadLowNeg 0 r a1 a1 loadLowNeg 0 r a0 a0 loadLowNeg 0 # Arithmetic Logic Unit def ALU selectB loadB selectC loadC selectFlag loadFlag f2 f1 f0 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 zero carry sign b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 c7 c6 c5 c4 c3 c2 c1 c0 : flagRegister loadFlag selectFlag zero carry sign Azero Acarry Asign register8 loadB selectB d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 register8 loadC selectC d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 c7 c6 c5 c4 c3 c2 c1 c0 muxByte incSig 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 c7 c6 c5 c4 c3 c2 c1 c0 i7 i6 i5 i4 i3 i2 i1 i0 decoder3to8 f2 f1 f0 0 shlSig notSig xorSig orSig andSig incSig addSig fullAdder8 0 1 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 i7 i6 i5 i4 i3 i2 i1 i0 0 carryOut s7 s6 s5 s4 s3 s2 s1 s0 or incSig addSig adderSig enable adderSig s7 s6 s5 s4 s3 s2 s1 s0 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 andByte andSig b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 c7 c6 c5 c4 c3 c2 c1 c0 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 orByte orSig b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 c7 c6 c5 c4 c3 c2 c1 c0 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 xorByte xorSig b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 c7 c6 c5 c4 c3 c2 c1 c0 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 notByte notSig b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 shlByte shlSig b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 zeroDetector d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 zeroOut r loadFlag zero zeroOut 0 r loadFlag carry carryOut 0 r loadFlag sign d7 0 # 16-bit Incrementer def incrementer i15 i14 i13 i12 i11 i10 i9 i8 i7 i6 i5 i4 i3 i2 i1 i0 o15 o14 o13 o12 o11 o10 o9 o8 o7 o6 o5 o4 o3 o2 o1 o0 : fullAdder8 1 0 i7 i6 i5 i4 i3 i2 i1 i0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 carryOutNeg carryOut o7 o6 o5 o4 o3 o2 o1 o0 fullAdder8 carryOut carryOutNeg i15 i14 i13 i12 i11 i10 i9 i8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o15 o14 o13 o12 o11 o10 o9 o8 # Latch, stores when w = 1 def latch w d q : r w c2 d q r c2 q 1 0 # Latch, stores when w = 0 def latchNeg w d q : r w c2 q d r c2 q 1 0 # Flip flop, stores when w rises to 1, expresses new value when w drops to 0 def flipFlop w d q : latch w d q2 latchNeg w q2 q def trans enabled a b : r enabled a b 0 # 2-bit transmission gate def trans2 enabled a1 a0 b1 b0 : trans enabled a1 b1 trans enabled a0 b0 # 4-bit transmission gate def trans4 enabled a3 a2 a1 a0 b3 b2 b1 b0 : trans2 enabled a3 a2 b3 b2 trans2 enabled a1 a0 b1 b0 # 8-bit transmission gate def trans8 enabled a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 : trans4 enabled a7 a6 a5 a4 b7 b6 b5 b4 trans4 enabled a3 a2 a1 a0 b3 b2 b1 b0 # 2-to-1 Mux def mux a i1 i0 o : r a o i1 i0 # Multiplication program in ROM def rom select d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 : mux a0 ad0000001 ad0000000 ad000000 mux a0 ad0000011 ad0000010 ad000001 mux a0 ad0000101 ad0000100 ad000010 mux a0 ad0000111 ad0000110 ad000011 mux a0 ad0001001 ad0001000 ad000100 mux a0 ad0001011 ad0001010 ad000101 mux a0 ad0001101 ad0001100 ad000110 mux a0 ad0001111 ad0001110 ad000111 mux a0 ad0010001 ad0010000 ad001000 mux a0 ad0010011 ad0010010 ad001001 mux a0 ad0010101 ad0010100 ad001010 mux a0 ad0010111 ad0010110 ad001011 mux a0 ad0011001 ad0011000 ad001100 mux a0 ad0011011 ad0011010 ad001101 mux a0 ad0011101 ad0011100 ad001110 mux a0 ad0011111 ad0011110 ad001111 mux a0 ad0100001 ad0100000 ad010000 mux a0 ad0100011 ad0100010 ad010001 mux a0 ad0100101 ad0100100 ad010010 mux a0 ad0100111 ad0100110 ad010011 mux a0 ad0101001 ad0101000 ad010100 mux a0 ad0101011 ad0101010 ad010101 mux a0 ad0101101 ad0101100 ad010110 mux a0 ad0101111 ad0101110 ad010111 mux a0 ad0110001 ad0110000 ad011000 mux a0 ad0110011 ad0110010 ad011001 mux a0 ad0110101 ad0110100 ad011010 mux a0 ad0110111 ad0110110 ad011011 mux a0 ad0111001 ad0111000 ad011100 mux a0 ad0111011 ad0111010 ad011101 mux a0 ad0111101 ad0111100 ad011110 mux a0 ad0111111 ad0111110 ad011111 mux a0 ad1000001 ad1000000 ad100000 mux a0 ad1000011 ad1000010 ad100001 mux a1 ad000001 ad000000 ad00000 mux a1 ad000011 ad000010 ad00001 mux a1 ad000101 ad000100 ad00010 mux a1 ad000111 ad000110 ad00011 mux a1 ad001001 ad001000 ad00100 mux a1 ad001011 ad001010 ad00101 mux a1 ad001101 ad001100 ad00110 mux a1 ad001111 ad001110 ad00111 mux a1 ad010001 ad010000 ad01000 mux a1 ad010011 ad010010 ad01001 mux a1 ad010101 ad010100 ad01010 mux a1 ad010111 ad010110 ad01011 mux a1 ad011001 ad011000 ad01100 mux a1 ad011011 ad011010 ad01101 mux a1 ad011101 ad011100 ad01110 mux a1 ad011111 ad011110 ad01111 mux a1 ad100001 ad100000 ad10000 mux a2 ad00001 ad00000 ad0000 mux a2 ad00011 ad00010 ad0001 mux a2 ad00101 ad00100 ad0010 mux a2 ad00111 ad00110 ad0011 mux a2 ad01001 ad01000 ad0100 mux a2 ad01011 ad01010 ad0101 mux a2 ad01101 ad01100 ad0110 mux a2 ad01111 ad01110 ad0111 mux a2 ad10001 ad10000 ad1000 mux a3 ad0001 ad0000 ad000 mux a3 ad0011 ad0010 ad001 mux a3 ad0101 ad0100 ad010 mux a3 ad0111 ad0110 ad011 mux a3 ad1001 ad1000 ad100 mux a4 ad001 ad000 ad00 mux a4 ad011 ad010 ad01 mux a4 ad101 ad100 ad10 mux a5 ad01 ad00 ad0 mux a5 ad11 ad10 ad1 mux a6 ad1 ad0 select trans8 ad0000000 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 trans8 ad0000001 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 trans8 ad0000010 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 trans8 ad0000011 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 trans8 ad0000100 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 trans8 ad0000101 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 trans8 ad0000110 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 trans8 ad0000111 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 trans8 ad0001000 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 trans8 ad0001001 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 trans8 ad0001010 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 trans8 ad0001011 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 trans8 ad0001100 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 trans8 ad0001101 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 trans8 ad0001110 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 trans8 ad0001111 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 trans8 ad0010000 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 trans8 ad0010001 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 trans8 ad0010010 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 trans8 ad0010011 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 trans8 ad0010100 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 trans8 ad0010101 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 trans8 ad0010110 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 trans8 ad0010111 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 trans8 ad0011000 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 trans8 ad0011001 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 trans8 ad0011010 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 trans8 ad0011011 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 trans8 ad0011100 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 trans8 ad0011101 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 trans8 ad0011110 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 trans8 ad0011111 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 trans8 ad0100000 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 trans8 ad0100001 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 trans8 ad0100010 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 trans8 ad0100011 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 trans8 ad0100100 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 trans8 ad0100101 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 trans8 ad0100110 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 trans8 ad0100111 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 trans8 ad0101000 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 trans8 ad0101001 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 trans8 ad0101010 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 trans8 ad0101011 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 trans8 ad0101100 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 trans8 ad0101101 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 trans8 ad0101110 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 trans8 ad0101111 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 trans8 ad0110000 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 trans8 ad0110001 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 trans8 ad0110010 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 trans8 ad0110011 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 trans8 ad0110100 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 trans8 ad0110101 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 trans8 ad0110110 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 trans8 ad0110111 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 trans8 ad0111000 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 trans8 ad0111001 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 trans8 ad0111010 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 trans8 ad0111011 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 trans8 ad0111100 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 trans8 ad0111101 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 trans8 ad0111110 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 trans8 ad0111111 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 trans8 ad1000000 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 trans8 ad1000001 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 trans8 ad1000010 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 # Putting it all together def computer ra7 ra6 ra5 ra4 ra3 ra2 ra1 ra0 rb7 rb6 rb5 rb4 rb3 rb2 rb1 rb0 rc7 rc6 rc5 rc4 rc3 rc2 rc1 rc0 rd7 rd6 rd5 rd4 rd3 rd2 rd1 rd0 m15 m14 m13 m12 m11 m10 m9 m8 m7 m6 m5 m4 m3 m2 m1 m0 xy15 xy14 xy13 xy12 xy11 xy10 xy9 xy8 xy7 xy6 xy5 xy4 xy3 xy2 xy1 xy0 : rom selectMemory d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 register16 loadPC selectPC a15 a14 a13 a12 a11 a10 a9 a8 a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 pc15 pc14 pc13 pc12 pc11 pc10 pc9 pc8 pc7 pc6 pc5 pc4 pc3 pc2 pc1 pc0 registerHighLow loadIN 0 loadIN 0 0 selectIN ic15 ic14 ic13 ic12 ic11 ic10 ic9 ic8 ic7 ic6 ic5 ic4 ic3 ic2 ic1 ic0 a15 a14 a13 a12 a11 a10 a9 a8 a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 in15 in14 in13 in12 in11 in10 in9 in8 in7 in6 in5 in4 in3 in2 in1 in0 incrementer a15 a14 a13 a12 a11 a10 a9 a8 a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 ic15 ic14 ic13 ic12 ic11 ic10 ic9 ic8 ic7 ic6 ic5 ic4 ic3 ic2 ic1 ic0 ALU selectB loadB selectC loadC selectFlag loadFlag alu2 alu1 alu0 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 zero carry sign rb7 rb6 rb5 rb4 rb3 rb2 rb1 rb0 rc7 rc6 rc5 rc4 rc3 rc2 rc1 rc0 register8 loadA selectA d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 ra7 ra6 ra5 ra4 ra3 ra2 ra1 ra0 register8 loadD selectD d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 rd7 rd6 rd5 rd4 rd3 rd2 rd1 rd0 register8 loadInst selectInst d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 ns7 ns6 ns5 ns4 ns3 ns2 ns1 ns0 registerHighLow loadM1 selectM1 loadM2 selectM2 loadM selectM d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 a15 a14 a13 a12 a11 a10 a9 a8 a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 m15 m14 m13 m12 m11 m10 m9 m8 m7 m6 m5 m4 m3 m2 m1 m0 registerHighLow loadJ1 selectJ1 loadJ2 selectJ2 loadJ selectJ d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 a15 a14 a13 a12 a11 a10 a9 a8 a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 j15 j14 j13 j12 j11 j10 j9 j8 j7 j6 j5 j4 j3 j2 j1 j0 registerHighLow loadX selectX loadY selectY loadXY selectXY d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 a15 a14 a13 a12 a11 a10 a9 a8 a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 xy15 xy14 xy13 xy12 xy11 xy10 xy9 xy8 xy7 xy6 xy5 xy4 xy3 xy2 xy1 xy0 # BOOT (starts as 0, locks into 1 forever) flipFlop C 1 boot inv boot bootNeg # PC = 0 flipFlop C bootNeg state4 buf state4 loadPC buf state4 mainLoop # -- COPY INSTRUCTION IN MEMORY TO INSTRUCTION REGISTER BEGIN ---------------- flipFlop C mainLoop stateMainLoop flipFlop C stateMainLoop state5 buf state5 selectPC flipFlop C state5 state6 buf state6 selectPC buf state6 selectMemory buf state6 loadInst buf state6 loadIN # IN = PC + 1 flipFlop C state6 state7 buf state7 selectPC buf state7 selectMemory flipFlop C state7 state8 buf state8 loadPC # PC = IN buf state8 selectIN flipFlop C state8 state9 buf state9 selectIN buf state9 processInst # -- COPY INSTRUCTION IN MEMORY TO INSTRUCTION REGISTER END ------------------ # -- RETURN (1010 dss0) BEGIN ------------------------------------------------ r ns7 rt7 processInst 0 r ns6 rt6 0 rt7 r ns5 rt5 rt6 0 r ns4 rt4 0 rt5 flipFlop C rt4 state38 buf state38 state38b buf state38 state38c r ns3 state38c loadPC loadXY eDecoder2to4 state38b ns2 ns1 halt selectJ selectXY selectM flipFlop C state38 state39 buf state39 state38b inv halt haltNeg and haltNeg state39 mainLoop # -- RETURN (1010 dss0) END -------------------------------------------------- # -- 16-BIT INSTRUCTION (11rs cznx) BEGIN ------------------------------------ r ns7 nx7 processInst 0 r ns6 nx6 nx7 0 flipFlop C nx6 state24b buf state24b selectPC flipFlop C state24b state25 buf state25 selectPC buf state25 selectMemory buf state25 state25b r ns5 state25b loadJ1 loadM1 # M1/J1 <- MEM buf state25 loadIN # IN = PC + 1 flipFlop C state25 state26 buf state26 selectPC buf state26 selectMemory flipFlop C state26 state27 buf state27 loadPC # PC = IN buf state27 selectIN flipFlop C state27 state28 buf state28 selectIN flipFlop C state28 state29 buf state29 selectPC buf state29 selectMemory buf state29 state29b r ns5 state29b loadJ2 loadM2 # M2/J2 <- MEM buf state29 loadIN # IN = PC + 1 flipFlop C state29 state30 buf state30 selectPC buf state30 selectMemory flipFlop C state30 state31 buf state31 loadPC # PC = IN buf state31 selectIN flipFlop C state31 state35 buf state35 selectFlag inv carry carryNeg inv zero zeroNeg and ns4 sign jmp0 and ns3 carryNeg jmp1 and ns2 zero jmp2 and ns1 zeroNeg jmp3 buf jmp0 jmp buf jmp1 jmp buf jmp2 jmp buf jmp3 jmp inv jmp jmpNeg and state35 jmp doJump and state35 jmpNeg mainLoop flipFlop C doJump state32 inv ns0 ns0neg and state32 ns0 savePC and state32 ns0neg dontSavePC flipFlop C savePC state33 buf state33 selectPC buf state33 loadXY # XY = PC flipFlop C state33 state34 buf state34 selectPC buf state34 dontSavePC flipFlop C dontSavePC state36 buf state36 state36b r ns5 state36b selectJ selectM buf state36 loadPC # PC = M/J flipFlop C state36 state37 buf state37 state36b buf state37 mainLoop # -- 16-BIT INSTRUCTION (11rs cznx) END -------------------------------------- # -- INC XY (1011 0000) BEGIN ------------------------------------------------ r ns7 ix7 processInst 0 r ns6 ix6 0 ix7 r ns5 ix5 ix6 0 r ns4 ix4 ix5 0 r ns3 ix3 0 ix4 r ns2 ix2 0 ix3 r ns1 ix1 0 ix2 r ns0 ix0 0 ix1 flipFlop C ix0 state21 buf state21 selectXY buf state21 loadIN flipFlop C state21 state22 buf state22 selectXY flipFlop C state22 state23 buf state23 loadXY buf state23 selectIN flipFlop C state23 state24 buf state24 selectIN buf state24 mainLoop # -- INC XY (1011 0000) END -------------------------------------------------- # -- ALU (1000 rfff) BEGIN --------------------------------------------------- r ns7 al7 processInst 0 r ns6 al6 0 al7 r ns5 al5 0 al6 r ns4 al4 0 al5 flipFlop C al4 state19 buf state19 aluing r aluing alu2 ns2 1 r aluing alu1 ns1 1 r aluing alu0 ns0 1 buf state19 loadFlag buf state19 state19b r ns3 state19b loadD loadA flipFlop C state19 state20 buf state20 aluing buf state20 mainLoop # -- ALU (1000 rfff) END ----------------------------------------------------- # -- LD (1001 0xrr) BEGIN ---------------------------------------------------- r ns3 ld3 0 sto4 flipFlop C ld3 state17 buf state17 selectM buf state17 selectMemory eDecoder2to4 state17 ns1 ns0 loadD loadC loadB loadA flipFlop C state17 state18 buf state18 selectM buf state18 selectMemory buf state18 mainLoop # -- LD (1001 0xrr) END ------------------------------------------------------ # -- STO (1001 1xrr) BEGIN --------------------------------------------------- r ns7 sto7 processInst 0 r ns6 sto6 0 sto7 r ns5 sto5 0 sto6 r ns4 sto4 sto5 0 r ns3 sto3 sto4 0 flipFlop C sto3 state14 buf state14 storing buf storing selectM eDecoder2to4 storing ns1 ns0 selectD selectC selectB selectA flipFlop C state14 state15 buf state15 storing buf state15 loadMemory flipFlop C state15 state16 buf state16 storing buf state16 mainLoop # -- STO (1001 1xrr) END ----------------------------------------------------- # -- MOV (00dd dsss) BEGIN --------------------------------------------------- r ns7 mo7 0 processInst r ns6 mo6 0 mo7 flipFlop C mo6 state12 or state12 state13 movSrc eDecoder3to8 state12 ns5 ns4 ns3 loadY loadX loadM2 loadM1 loadD loadC loadB loadA eDecoder3to8 movSrc ns2 ns1 ns0 selectY selectX selectM2 selectM1 selectD selectC selectB selectA flipFlop C state12 state13 buf state13 mainLoop # -- MOV (00dd dsss) END ----------------------------------------------------- # -- SET-8 (01rv vvvv) BEGIN ------------------------------------------------- r ns7 se7 0 processInst r ns6 se6 se7 0 flipFlop C se6 state10 buf state10 state10load r ns5 state10load loadB loadA or state10 state11 enable1011 enable enable1011 ns4 ns4 ns4 ns4 ns3 ns2 ns1 ns0 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 flipFlop C state10 state11 buf state11 mainLoop # -- SET-8 (01rv vvvv) END --------------------------------------------------- run 41000 10 computer ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?